2015-08-24
xredued04
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如: I was the only person in my office who was invited
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对其附加说明,也就是讲即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响,仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要 在它和 主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句,如: Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865 at a theatre in washingtonD.C. 又如:Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high
(二) 正误辨析
[误] I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English
[正] I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English
[析] 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从它本身看不出其数的形式,这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定,应该用单数谓语动词。又如:I who am a student want to find a spare time job这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的,所以其谓语动词应该用am。
[误] We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War
[正] We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War
[析] 这里的关系代词不要用 who, 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物),而另一个是people (人),这时既不可用 who, 又不可用 which, 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下,而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下,所以只能用 that, 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。
[误] The book, that I bought yesterday, was very good
[正] The book, which I bought yesterday, was very good
[析] 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时,即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which, when, who, whom, where, when, whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样,而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。
[误] The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool
[正] The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool
[析] 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的,它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首,但它的作用依然存在,而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。
[误] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America
[正] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America
[析] the one, anyone, those 作代词并且是指某人、物时,其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。