2015-08-24
xredued04
[误]There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's.
[正]There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.
[析] 有生命名词的所有格，如果是单数名词则加's如：Mary's car.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’如：teachers' offices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾，则只加’s，如：children's palace 组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加's如：girl friend —girl friend's someone else—someone else's a week or three—a week or three's如名词后有同位语时，则应加在同位语的词尾上，如：It is my girl friend, Mary's car.要注意的是当两个名词并列时，如表示归两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词后面加's，如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加's，如：This is Mary and Jone's home.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone的家。
[误]It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.
[正]It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work.
[析] 无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词：表示时间的词：today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest 表示长度的词：three metres' distance, a boat's length， twenty miles' journey 表示重量的名词：two pounds' weight价格名词：two dollars'worth拟人化的名词：Nature's work, nature's lesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词：the university's library
[误]He is an old friend of my father.
[正]He is an old friend of my father's.
[析]这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如：This pen is Tom's.
[误]My father is a good cooker.
[正]My father is a good cook.
[析] 一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者，如:teach(教)—teacher(老师),think(想)—thinker(思想 家),drive(开车)—driver(司机),sell(卖)—seller(卖物者)……但不能总是以此类推，比如cook是动词“做饭”。而 cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲，而cooker则为厨具，餐具，即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。
[误]The young is dancing there.
[正]The young are dancing there.
[析] 英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词，如：the rich 富人，the poor(穷人),the wise 聪明人，但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词，如：The beautiful is still here.美丽的风景依旧。
[误]The stories of the book was written many years ago.
[正]The stories of the book were written many years ago.
[析]这句话的真正主语应是stories，所以应用复数谓语动词。
[误]This is one of the English?Chinese dictionary.
[正]This is one of the English?Chinese dictionaries.
[析]one of意为“……之一”，of后面的名词要用复数形式。
[误]Let's go to uncle Wang for supper.
[正]Let's go to uncle Wang's for supper.
[析]uncle Wang's 意为“王叔叔家”，doctor's意为“医院或私人诊所”。
[误]I think we will make a friend with each other.
[正]I think we will make friends with each other.
[析]make friends 为习惯用法，即交朋友。
[误]I want to tell you much pieces of good news.
[正]I want to tell you many pieces of good news.
[析]news 为不可数名词，但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词，因量词是可数名词，或可以说I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前作形容词，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.
[误]The teacher with five students are coming here.
[正]The teacher with five students is coming here.